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Beginner level 1

Introducing yourself

My name is Lyla
I am Lyla
How do you spell your first name ?
- My name is Lyla, L y l a

Talking about yourself

How old are you ?
- I am 25 years old.
- You are 25 years old.
- She / He / it is 25 years old
- We / They are 25 years old
Where are you from ? or What nationality are you ?
- I am / we are / he is from Spain

Things you have

Felix is my cat.
Rachel is our daughter
This / That is my dog. This 比较近，That比较远

Using apostrophes

's

The dog's ball.

Juan and Beth's parrot. 's 加在最后一个词的后面

Cherry is my parents' cat. 's 在复数的时候，直接在s后面加’

Talking about your things

This / That is my bag.
These / Those are my bags.
These are my books == These book are mine
my -> mine
your -> yours
his -> his
her -> hers
its -> its
our -> ours
their -> theirs

Talking about your job

I am / I'm a police officer.
He is an engineer
They are scientists
A scientist works inside.
A farmer works outside
I work in a hospital. 大部分工作用work in表示在什么地方工作，强调地点
I work on a farm. I work on constuction sites. work on表示在某个事情上花时间，可以用于户外工
I work with animals. 和with后面的对象一起工作

Talking the time

00:00 -> midnight

12:00 -> noon

3:00 -> am

15:00 -> pm

What time is it ?
- It’s five. or It’s five o’clock.
- It’s five fifteen or It’s a quarter past five or It’s a quarter after five
- It’s five thirty or It’s half past five
- It’s five forty-five or It’s a quarter to six
- It’s six twenty three

Describing your day

I eat lunch at noon every day.
She eats lunch at 2pm every day. 小于一天的时间用at

Descibing your week

I go to work on Mondays. on用于等于一天的时间, Monday后面加s表示每周这个时候都这样
I watch TV on / at the weekend. on多用于美式英语，at多用于英式英语
I work from Monday to Friday.
once a week 每周一次
twice a week 每周两次
three times a week 每周三次
every day 每一天
I go to the gym twice a week

Negatives with “to be”

I am a farmer. I am not a doctor.
You are not a doctor === You’re not == You aren’t

More negatives

postive	negative
I work outside	I do not work outside
He works inside	He does not work inside

Simple questions

sentences	question
You are Canadian	Are you Candian
Judi is an actor	Is Judi an actor
They are engineers	Are they enineers
You work in an office	Do you work in office
She works in a school	Does she work in a school

Answering questions

Question	answer
Are you a doctor	Yes I am or No I am not
Is your name Jack	Yes it is or No it isn’t
Do you work in an office	Yes I do or No I don’t
Does he live here	Yes he does or No he does not

Asking questions

Question	answer
Where is the bank	It’s over there
What is the time	It’s 5 o’clock
When is your birthday	July 23
Which is your car	The red Ferrari
Why are you here	For a meeting
How old are you	I’m 25
Who is there	It’s me Marcus

open question with do and does	answer
When do you eat lunch	I have lunch at 2
Where is the post office	It’s next to the supermarket
Why do you like reading books	Because I can learn a lot of knowledge from them
How do you go to school	I go to school by bus
Who is your best friend	My best friend is Lily

Where 哪里
Who 谁
When 何时
Which 哪个
Why 为什么
How 如何

Talking about you own

sentences	negative(singular)	negative(plural)
There is a hospital in my town	There is not a school
There are three hospitals in my town		There are not any shcools or There are no schools

Using “a” and “the”

I work in a library. Use ‘a’ because you are talking about your work in general, not the specific place where you work.
I work in the library on Main street. Use ‘the’ because you are talking about the specific building you work

Orders and directions

Orders

To make the imperative, use the base form of the verb(the infinitive without ‘to’)

Stop

Get up

Eat your breakfast

Give that to me

Be careful

Help

Read this book

Directions

go straight ahead
turn left
turn right
go past
take the first right
take the second right
next to 旁边
opppsite 对面的
between 中间的
on the corner 在街角
behind 在后面
in front of 在前面
on the right 在右侧
on the left 在左侧
intersection(US) or crossroads(UK) 路口
block 街区

Joining sentences

and

There is a library. There is a restaurant. -> There is a library and a restaurant.
Jack’s sister lives and works in Paris.
My father and brother are both engineers.
Simon plays video games and watches TV every night.
Fish and chips is my favorite meal. Fish和Chips被认为是一个主语时候才会用is
There’s a library, a store, and a cafe. 最后一个才用and

but

There is a hotel. There isn’t a store. -> There’s a hotel, but there isn’t a store.
There isn’t a store here, but there is a hotel.

Describing places

She is a busy woman. 形容词
The town is busy. 形容词可以直接放在be的后面
There are some buildings. some表示多于一个，但是你不清楚到底有几个
There are a few buildings. a few表示有少量
There are lots of buildings. lots of 表示有大量

Giving reasons

I live in the contryside because it’s beautiful

The things I have

I / You / We / They have a garage.
He / She / It has a garage.
I don’t have a bathtub.
Jim doesn’t have a bathhub.

anther way to say ‘have’

We have / have got a dog.

Positive	Negative
I `have got` a dog	He `has not got` a dog
`I've got` a dog	He `hasn't got` a dog

What do you have?

Sentences	Question
You have a TV	Do you have a TV
She has a TV	Does she have a TV

Question	Answer
Do you have a microwave?	Yes, I do. No, I don’t
Have you got a microwave?	Yes, I have. No, I haven’t

Counting

Countable Nouns	Uncountable Nouns
There `are some` eggs	There `is some` rice
`Are` there `any` eggs	`Is` there `any` rice

Uncountable nouns can be made countable if they are placed in containers.

some sugar -> a bag of sugar
some water -> three bottles of water
some cereal -> a bowl of cereal

Countable Nouns Question	Uncountable Nouns Question
How `many` eggs are there	How `much` rice is there
How `many` apples are there	How `much` chocolate is there

Measuring

We have two eggs. That’s not enough.
We have four eggs. That’s enough.
We have five eggs. That’s too many.

At the shop

Ana owns a red hat.
Choose a new shirt!
Luc sells old clothes.
They want new shoes.
The hat fits Jane.
Let’s buy some hats.

Answering “Does it fit”

Does the sweather fit?
- No, It’s not big enough.
- No, It’s big enough.
- No, It’s too big.

Describing things

Positive

great
lovely
fun
beautiful

Negative

horrible
terrible
boring
ugly

Adjective order

This is a lovely green hat. 主观形容词在先，客观形容词在后

Talking about sports

She goes surfing on the weekend. go根据主语切换形态，英语中只有一个谓语动词，surfing就需要+ing或者 ed 或者 to + verb

verb + v-ing	verb + noun
go surfing	play tennis
go swimming	play baseball
go skateboarding	play hockey
go dancing	play golf
go fishing	play chess
go cycling	play badminton
go sailing	play football
go skating	play soccer

Free time

Use adverbs of frequency to say how often you do something. You normally put adverb between the subject and the verb

从上到下程度减轻

I always watch TV at night.

I usually eat dinner at 7pm.

I often walk to work unless it’s raining.

I sometimes go shopping on the weekend.

I never go to the gym. I’m too lazy.

Question	Answer
How often do you go to the beach?	I usually go on vacation once a year. or Not very often
When do you go to the gym?	On Tuesdays and Fridays

Likes and dislikes

Positive	Negative
I `like` tennis	You `don't like` baseball
I `love` chocolate	Oliver `hates` board game

love is you really like it. Don’t like means dislike, but people use ‘don’t like’ more often in spoken English

Expressing preference

I like jazz and I love soul, but my favorite type of music is rock.

Love is stronger than like Favorite is used to indentify the thing you love most in a group.

What you can and can’t do

Positive	Negative
I `can` ride a bicycle.	I `can't` sing jazz songs.
He `can` play the guitar	I `cannot` sing jazz songs.

Can you move that chair
- Yes, I can or No, I cannot / can't

Describing actions

Horses can run quickly. quickly describe run
I can play the piano badly. badly describe play

Another way to say I do something well

She can run well
- She is good at running.
  
  The negative form of good at is bad at eg: She is bad at climbing trees.

Describing ability

Words such as ‘quite’, “really” and ‘very’ are modifying adverbs. You can use them before other adverbs to give more information about how you do something.

She can play golf quite well
- She is quite good at playing golf.
You can play golf very / really well.
- You’re very / really good at playing golf.

Wishes and desires

You can use “I want” and “I would like” to talk about things you want to do. You can also use their negative form to say what you would not like to do.

I / You / He / She / We / They would like to go cycling.
- I would not like to go snowboarding.
I / You / We / They want to go cycling.
- They don’t want to go fishing.
He / She wants to go cycling.
- He doesn’t want to go shopping
Would you like to play chess?
- Yes, I would
Does he want to go to the movies?
- Yes, he does

Studying

When talking about your studies you can use “I would” and “I want” to say which subjects you would like to learn. Use adverbs to say how much you want to do them.

I love music. I'd(I would) really like to study it next term.
I like biology. I'd(I would) quite like to study it next year.

The zero article(零冠词)

You don’t use an article(“a”, “an” or “the”) with some places and institutions when you are talking about what they are usd for. 当我们谈论某个地点和机构的用途时，我们不使用冠词

eg:

Liz is seven. She goes to school now. She goes there to study, which is the purpose of schools, so don’t use the article.
Larry works at the school in Park Street. Use the article to talk about the specific building where he works

Zero Article	Article
I am `at university` in Chicago.	`The University of Chicago` is good.
Jack is `in hospital`.	`The hospital` is far away.
Oliver goes `to church` on Sundays.	It is `an` old `church`.
Go `to bed`, Tom.	Your shirt is `on the bed`.
Sue is `in town` this afternoon.	Oxford is `a` nice `town`
Sarah studies `at home`.	This dog hasn’t got `a home`.