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Beginner level 2

Talking about yourself

postive	negative	question
I am 25 years old.	I am not 25 years old.	Am I 25 years old
You are a doctor.	You are not / aren't a doctor.	Are you a doctor.
He / She / it is Noah.	He / She / It is not / isn't Noah.	Is He/She/It Noah.
We / They are doctors.	We / They are not / aren't doctors	Are They/We doctors.

Talking about routines

postive	negative	question
I / You / We / They eat lunch at 1pm every day.	I/You/We/They do not work outside	Do I/You/We/They work in an office.
He / She eats lunch at 1pm every day.	He/She/It does not work outside	Does He/She work in a school.

Today I’m wearing…

postive	negative
I am wearing a jeans now	I an not wearing a jeans now
You/We/They are wearing a red dress.	You/We/They are not wearing a red dress.
He/She/It is wearing a hat	He/She/It is not wearing a hat

What’s happening?

• What is he/she/it doing? -> He/She is reading a book.
• What are you eating? -> I am eating a salad.
• Where are they/we going? -> We/They are going to the store.
• Who is he/she/it working with? -> He/She/It is working with Anna.

Types of verbs

action verb	state verb
I read a book	I love books
I am read a book	None

state verb

state verb	state verb	state verb	state verb
like	know	belong	fit
love	realise	suppose	contain
hate	mean	consist	seem
want	understand	believe	depend
need	prefer	remember	matter
agree	recognise	see	mind
own	appear	look (=seem)	smell
sound	taste	astonish	deny
hear	deny	disagree	please
satisfy	promise	surprise	impress
doubt	think (=have an opinion)	feel (=have an opinion)	imagine
concern	wish	dislike	be
have	deserve	involve	include
lack	measure (=have length etc)	possess	owe
weigh (=have weight)

How are you feeling

• Q: How are you feeling? -A: I am feeling happy.

Another way to say it “Talk about your feeling”

• Q: How are you? -A: I am really/very/so happy.

Routines and exceptions

• I usually/mostly/often drive, but right now/today/tonight I’m walking. usually/mostly/often 频率副词，right now/today/tonight 时间标记

Time Markers

• At the moment, I’m knitting. 此刻，我正在编织
• I’m leaving right now.
• I’m in a meeting this morning.
• This afternoon, we’re shopping.
• Today, I’m onvacation.
• They’re seeing a play tonight.

What’s the matter?

In UK English, I’m feeling sick or I feel sick mean you might vomit(呕吐).

• Q: Are you okay?
  • A: No, I’m not very well.
  • A: No, I’m not feeling very well.
  • A: No, I don’t feel very well.
  • A: No, I’m sick.(US)
  • A: No, I feel ill.(UK)
  • A: No, I’m feeling ill.

Health problems with ‘ache’, ‘pain’

• I have a broken foot. -> My foot hurts.
• I have a pain in my head. -> I have a headache.
• She has a stomach ache.
• I’ve got a broken arm.
• Susan’s leg huts.
• Jo has a pain in her back.

Weather adjectives

verb	adjective
sun 晒太阳	sunny 阳光明媚的
cloud 阴沉	cloudy 阴天
fog 大雾	foggy
rain 下雨	rainy
snow 下雪	snowy
ice 冰	icy
frost 霜	frosty
wind 风	windy
storm 暴风雨	stormy
thunder 雷电	thundery

What’ the weather like?

• What’s the weather like? like在这里是介词，不是下面句子中的动词 “I like music”
  • Okay, but there are a lot of clouds. It’s cloudy. a lot of + noun means amount of noun
  • Beautiful! It’s really hot and sunny.
  • Horrible! It’s raining. It’s wet and cold. raining表示现在正在下雨
  • Really cold. It’s snowing a lot and it’s very icy.
  • There’s a storm coming. It’s very windy.

The temperature

• Q
  • How hot is it ?
  • How cold is it ?
• A
  • it’s boiling. In spoken English, boiling means very hot
  • It’s 27 degrees Celsius. I’m hot.
  • It’s warm.
  • It’s cold.
  • It’s 10 degrees Fahrenheit. I’m freezing. In spoken English freezing means very cold

Making comparisons

• Greece is warmer than France.
• A plane is faster than a tran.
• Anna is younger than Tina.
• Ahmed is taller than Jack.

For some two-syllable adjectives and those of three syllables or more, use “more” and “than” to make the comparative.

• This beach is more beautiful than that one.
• Surfing is more exciting than going to the gym.
• Flying is more expensive than travelling by car.
• For me, science is more difficult than history.
• This book is more interesting than that one.

Talking about extremes

For mest adjectives with one or two syllables, add ‘est’ to make the superlative.

• K2 is higher than Annapurna, but Everest is the hightest mountain in the world.

For some two-syllable adjectives and for adjectives of three syllables or more. Use ‘the most’ before the adjetive. Then form of the adjective doesn’t change.

• The Palace Hotel is more expensive than the Rialto, but the Biaritz is the most expensive hotel in the city.
• This is the most expensive hotel in the city.
• The science museum is the most interesting museum in town.
• The Twister is the most exciting ride in the theme park.
• This is the most comfortable chair in the room.

Making choices.

• Do you want to go to Germany or France?
  • France.
• Do you wantg to go to Paris and Versailles?
  • Yes.

KEY LANGUAGE “WHICH / WHAT”

You use “which” when there are two or more possibilities in the question. Use “what” when the question is more general.

• What is the tallest building in the world?

• Which building is taller, Big Ben or the Eiffel Tower?

• What is the highesdt mountain in the Himalayas?

• Which mountain is higher, the Matterhorn or Mont Blanc?

• What is the fastest animal in the world?
• Which animal is the fastest, a lion, a rhino, or a cheetah?

Using large numbers

• 100 one hundred or a hundred
• 200 two hundred No s at the end.
• 1000 one thousand or a thousand
• 3000 three thousand
• 1000000 one million a million
• 4000000 four million

Add ‘and’ before the last two numbers to say numbers higher than one hundred.

• 2,876 Two thousand, eight hundred and seventy-six
• 54,041 fifty-four thousand and forty-one
• 296,308 two hundred and ninety-fix thousand, three hundred and eight
• 1,098,283 one million, ninety-eight thousand, two hundred and eighty-three

Talking about dates

• His meeting is on May 10 (tenth). His meeting is on the 10th of May (the tenth of May).
• My birthday is on May 18 (eighteenth).
  • My birthday is on May the 18th (May the eighteen)
• The party is on May May 31 (thirty-first).
  • The party is on the 31st of May (the thirty-first of May)

using “was born”

Use “was born” to talk about someone’s date or year of birth.

• Jim was born in
  • 1975 nineteen seventy-five
  • 2015 twenty fifteen

using “ago”

You use “ago” to say how many years before now something happened.

• Plato was born around 2500 years ago.

Talking about the past

• Jill is a businesswoman now.
  • She was a student in 1985.
• I/He/She/It was a student.
• You were a student.
• We/They/You were students.

negative and question

negative	question
He was not/ wasn’t a teacher in 2024	Was he in India?
They were not / weren’t at the park yesterday.	Were they late for school?

Past Events

sentences	negative
I/You/He/She/We/They played tennis	I/You/He/She/We/They didn't play tennis.

USING “when” with the past simple

To say when in someone’s life something happened. you can either use ‘in’ with the year, or ‘when’ with the person’s age.

• He moved to England in 1990.
• He moved to England when he was 10 years old.

Past abilites

Could for past abilites

Use “could” to talk about an ability you once had.You can use “when” plus a time setting to say when you had the ability.

• I can't climb trees now, but I could when I was younger.
• I couldn't go to China last year because it was too expensive. last year 去年
• Last year, she couldn't run very far, but yesterday she ran a marathon.

Irregular past verb

• I often go to the moives.
• I went last night昨晚, but I didn't go last week上周.

Irrgular verb, question in the past simple

• They bought a new car.
  • Did they buy a new car ?
• She saw the show last night?
  • Did she see the show last night?

Telling a story.

• It’s a movie about a mystery.
• It’s a story about a lawyer.
• The play is about two brothers.

Descibing your opinions

• I liked/enjoyed/loved the play because it was funny/romantic/thrilling. 使用积极的动词，搭配积极的形容词
• Kahil didn't enjoy/didn't like/hated the show because it was boring/slow/silly. 使用消极的动词,搭配消极的形容词

Asking about the past

“YES/NO” question in the past simple.

• Did you have a good holiday?
  • Yes, we went to India.
• Did you visit the Taj Mahal?
  • No, we didn't.

Question Word with the past simple.

• How did you get here?
  • By taxi.
• Where did you go on vacation?
  • We went to Paris.
• What did you see in Paris?
  • The Eiffel Tower.
• What did you do on vacation?
  • We went hiking.
• When did you come home?
  • This morning.

Applying for a job.

• look for a job
• resume
• apply for a job
• have an interview
• get the job
• start the job

Types of questions

Object Question (include auxiliary verb)

• Who did you see at lunchtime?
  • I saw my boss
• What did he eat?
  • He ate steak and salad.
• Who did you speak to?
  • I spoke to Jane.
• Who did Ben call?
  • The Bank

    Subject Question (used verb directly)

• Who called the bank?
  • Ben called the bank.
• Who paid the staff?
  • The Boss paid the staff.
• What broke the window?
  • The ball broke the window.

Someone,anyone,everyone.

• Did anyone/anybody call me this morning?

• Yes, someone/somebody called you at 11 o’clock.

• Why is there no one in the office?
• Everyone/Everybody is at the big meeting? 使用单数在everyone和everybody后面

Making conversation

• I went to the movies last night?
  • Did you?
• Yes, I saw that new thriller. It was really exciting.
  • Was it?
• I play golf every weekend last night?
  • Do you?
• He wasn't in the office this morning?
  • Wasn't he?
• They didn't go to the theater last night.
  • They didn't
• There isn't any milk left in the fridge.
  • There isn't

Future arrangements

用时间短语和现在进行时，表示将来的事情

• At the moment Dave is working, but tomorrow he is playing golf.
• Jack's playing soccer now, then later he's seeing a movie.
• Today, I'm playing tennis, but I'm playing golf tomorrow.
• Sue is studying now, but this evening she's visiting a friend.
• I'm reading at the moment, but I'm going running later.
• I'm working on Tuesday.
• I'm retireing in June.
• I'm working on May 9th.
• i'm retireing in 2035

Making excuses (托词，借口)

• Would you like to go to the movies tonight?
  • Sorry, I can’t. I'm working late.
  • I’d like to, but I'm going to the dentist.
  • I’d love to, but I'm meeting friends.
  • That would be fun, but I'm visiting familly.
  • That sounds nice, but I'm playing baseball.

Plans and intentions

You can use ‘going to’ to talk about what you want to do in the future.

Going to for future plans

• I’m going to buy a new car.
• We are going to cook dinner tonight.
• Sam is going to get fit before his next birthday.
• I’m not going to eat any chocolate this month.

“by” with time words and phrases

“By” followed by a noun or time phrases means something will happen at some point before that time.

• I am going to paint the house by June.
• I am going to write to you by next weekend.
• I am going to get fit by this time next year.

What’s going to happen

Use the future with “going to” to make a prediction about the future when there is evidence in the present moment to back up that prediction.

• Look at those clouds. It's going to rain soon.
• The hill is too steep. John is going to crash!
• She studies a lot. She's going to pass her exam.
• He’s wearing a raincoat, so he's going to get wet.
• Joe fell asleep in the exam. He's going to fail.

Making predictions

Use “will” to say what you think weill happen in the future when you don’t have firm evidence for your prediction. It’s a slightly different meaning from futures using “going to”

• That new movie is great. They will love it.
• Jane will like the new house. It’s really nice.
• It'll rain every this summer.
• She'll be really angry when she finds out.
• He won't be late for work again this year.
• They'll enjoy their holiday in Venice.

Think with will

If you’re not sure about something. you can begin a sentence with “I think” This shows you are giving your opinion

• We think that he'll like the play.
• I think that we'll have enough food for the party.
• He thinks it’ll be a great show tonight.
• She doesn’t think she'll get that job at the bank.

Going to and will

Use “going to” when you have evidence for a prediction. Use “will” when a prediction is an opinion without evidence

• I think Number 5 will win.
  • 
• Look, Number 5 is going to win.
  • 

Making quick decisions

You can use “will” to talk about the future in two ways:

1. when you make a prediction without evidence
2. when you make a quick decision to do something

If you suddenly decide to do something while you’re speaking. use “will” to say that you’re going to do.

• Oh, it’ts raining. I'll take my umbrella.
• It’s midnight, so I won't walk home through the park.
• This apple is delicious. I'll have another one.

So / in that case

Use “so” or the expression “in that case” to link a situation and the decision you make as a result of that sitution.

• There’s no juice, so I'll have water.
• The car won’t start. In that case we'll walk.

Think with will

You can use “think” with “will” to show that your decision is something you are considering.

• I’m tired. I think I'll go to bed.
• There are lots of options on the menu. I think we'll have the fish.
• This movie is terrible. I think I'll leave before the end.
• There are lots of bands to see, but I think I’ll watch the rock band.

Future possibilities

Will and won’t describe a thing is certain happen or certain not happen. might describe a thing is not certain.

certain to happen	certain not to happen	not certain
I will have a vacation because I have lots of money	I won't have a vacation. I don’t have enough money.	I might have a vacation. I have some money.

• He might not go to Rome this year. He doesn’t know yet.
• I might speak English at the party tonight as there are British people coming.

Might with uncertainty

You can use other phrases along with might, to emphasize that you are uncertain about something.

• I might go to town. I’m not sure.
• I don’t know. I might have more pizza.

Q&A

• When are you going to clean your room?
  • I might do it this afternoon, I’m not sure.
• Where will you live next year?
  • I might live in Boston. I don’t know.
• What will you do before you start college?
  • I might get a summer job. I’m not sure.
• How much money are you taking on vacation?
  • I might take about 300$. I’m not sure.

Giving advice

should shows that you think this is best thing to do.

• It’s very sunny. You should wear a hat.
• It might rain. You should take your umbrella.
• There is ice on the roads. You should not drive tonight.
• You’re sick. You shouldn't go to work today.

Making suggestions

Could is often used to suggest a solution to a problem. It introduces possibilities but not preferences.

• I hate my car! Well, you could get a new car.
• You could study science in college.
• They could buy a bigger house with a yard.

When people give suggestions using could, they often give more than one option to choose from

• Our friends are coming over for dinner, but the oven’s broken.
  • We could make a salad or we could order a pizza.
• I can’t drive, but I want to travel along the coast.
  • You could take a bus or travel in a friend’s car.
• What should I wear to Jan’s wedding?
  • You could wear your new dress or a skirt.

Around the house

You can use the present perfect form of a verb to talk about something that has happened in the past and has consequences in the present.

• Tom has just cleaned the windows.
• Have you cleaned up your bedroom?
• You haven't cleared the table. It’s mess.

Events in your life.

Both the present prefect and the past simple can be used to talk about things that happened in the past, but you use them differently.

Use the past simple to talk that happened in definite time. Use the present perfect when you don’t specify a particular time.

• Have you ever been to France?
  • Yes, I visited Paris in 2010. or Yes, I have visited Paris many times.

“BEEN / GONE”

You can use “be” and “go” in the present perfect to talk about your trip to places, but they have different meanings.

• I haven't seen Joe recently. Where is she?
  • She's gone to Florida. 她现在还在佛罗里达
• Hi, Joe. You’re looking well.
  • Yes, I've been to Florida. 她去了佛罗里达，现在已经回来
• Where is Ben?
  • He's gone to the mall.
• You look relaxed.
  • Yes, we've been in Bermuda. We had a great time.

Events in you year

present perfect and past simple

If the time period referred to is ongoing, use the present perfect. Use the past simple to talk about a completed event.

• I'v traveled a lot this year. (This year has not finished yet, Use present perfect.)
• I went to Moscow in January. (January is a time period that has finished. Use past simple)
  • 
• I haven't had any coffee this morning.
• I've had a lot of meetings today.
• The photocopier broke yesterday.
• My manager called me last night.

Yet

Yet means until now. It shows that you have a intention to do something.

• Have you ordered the pizzas?
  • No, I haven’t ordered them yet. You haven’t ordered the pizzas. but you will order them later

already

Use already when something has happened, possibly sonner than expected.

• I’ll order the pizzas now.
  • It’s OK. I've already ordered them. You've ordered the pizzas before the other person expected.

Eating out

“Eating out” means having a meal outside your home, usually in a restautant. To do this, you need to know the language for making a reservation and ordering food.

1. Have you made a reservation?
   • Yes, we have.
2. Would you like to see the menu?
   • Yes, please.
3. Are you ready to order?
   • Could we have a few more minutes?
4. For my main course. I’d like the fish. And for dessert, I’ll have the apple pie. main course 和 main dish 在餐厅中是一样的
5. How’s your meal?
   • It’s delicious, thank you.
6. Excuse me! Can we have the check, please? 或者可以说 Get the bill please
   • Of course, sir.

Achievements and ambitions

• Have you ever worked abroad?
  • No, but I'd like to work in Asia. 表示你的期望
  • No, but I'm going to next year. 表示你的计划
• I've never been to South America, but I want to go. 我希望去

• I've never seen a whale. I'd like to go whale-watching later this year. 我乐意(愿意)去

• I've never run a marathon. 强调我从来没做过
• I haven't seen the Pyramids of Giza yet. 强调你到目前还没去过，但是未来有意愿去
• I really want to climb Mount Everest.你期望去做这件事情