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defineProperty

此方法是es5标准的。大部分浏览器可放心使用

api

Object.defineProperty(object, propertyname, descriptor)

参数含义

属性描述符

var o = {};
Object.defineProperty(o, "a", { 
  get : function(){return 1;}, 
  configurable : false
});

// throws a TypeError
Object.defineProperty(o, "a", {configurable : true}); 
// throws a TypeError
Object.defineProperty(o, "a", {enumerable : true}); 
// throws a TypeError (set was undefined previously) 
Object.defineProperty(o, "a", {set : function(){}}); 
// throws a TypeError (even though the new get does exactly the same thing) 
Object.defineProperty(o, "a", {get : function(){return 1;}});
// throws a TypeError
Object.defineProperty(o, "a", {value : 12});

console.log(o.a); // logs 1
delete o.a; // Nothing happens
console.log(o.a); // logs 1
var o = {};
Object.defineProperty(o, "a", { value : 1, enumerable:true });
Object.defineProperty(o, "b", { value : 2, enumerable:false });
Object.defineProperty(o, "c", { value : 3 }); // enumerable defaults to false
o.d = 4; // 如果使用直接赋值的方式创建对象的属性,则这个属性的enumerable为true

for (var i in o) {    
  console.log(i);  
}
// 打印 'a' 和 'd' (in undefined order)

Object.keys(o); // ["a", "d"]

o.propertyIsEnumerable('a'); // true
o.propertyIsEnumerable('b'); // false
o.propertyIsEnumerable('c'); // false
var o = {}; // Creates a new object

Object.defineProperty(o, 'a', {
  value: 37,
  writable: false
});

console.log(o.a); // logs 37
o.a = 25; // No error thrown
// (it would throw in strict mode,
// even if the value had been the same)
console.log(o.a); // logs 37. The assignment didn't work.

// strict mode
(function() {
  'use strict';
  var o = {};
  Object.defineProperty(o, 'b', {
    value: 2,
    writable: false
  });
  o.b = 3; // throws TypeError: "b" is read-only
  return o.b; // returns 2 without the line above
}());
var o = {};

o.a = 1;
// 等同于 :
Object.defineProperty(o, "a", {
  value : 1,
  writable : true,
  configurable : true,
  enumerable : true
});


// 另一方面,
Object.defineProperty(o, "a", { value : 1 });
// 等同于 :
Object.defineProperty(o, "a", {
  value : 1,
  writable : false,
  configurable : false,
  enumerable : false
});
function Archiver() {
  var temperature = null;
  var archive = [];

  Object.defineProperty(this, 'temperature', {
    get: function() {
      console.log('get!');
      return temperature;
    },
    set: function(value) {
      temperature = value;
      archive.push({ val: temperature });
    }
  });

  this.getArchive = function() { return archive; };
}

var arc = new Archiver();
arc.temperature; // 'get!'
arc.temperature = 11;
arc.temperature = 13;
arc.getArchive(); // [{ val: 11 }, { val: 13 }]

或者

var pattern = {
    get: function () {
      return 'I alway return this string,whatever you have assigned';
    },
    set: function () {
      this.myname = 'this is my name string';
    }
};


function TestDefineSetAndGet() {
    Object.defineProperty(this, 'myproperty', pattern);
}


var instance = new TestDefineSetAndGet();
instance.myproperty = 'test';

// 'I alway return this string,whatever you have assigned'
console.log(instance.myproperty);
// 'this is my name string'
console.log(instance.myname); // 继承属性

继承属性

如果访问者的属性是被继承的,它的 get 和set 方法会在子对象的属性被访问或者修改时被调用。如果这些方法用一个变量存值,该值会被所有对象共享。

function myclass() {
}

var value;
Object.defineProperty(myclass.prototype, "x", {
  get() {
    return value;
  },
  set(x) {
    value = x;
  }
});

var a = new myclass();
var b = new myclass();
a.x = 1;
console.log(b.x); // 1

这可以通过将值存储在另一个属性中解决。在 get 和 set 方法中,this 指向某个被访问和修改属性的对象。

function myclass() {
}

Object.defineProperty(myclass.prototype, "x", {
  get() {
    return this.stored_x;
  },
  set(x) {
    this.stored_x = x;
  }
});

var a = new myclass();
var b = new myclass();
a.x = 1;
console.log(b.x); // undefined

不像访问者属性,值属性始终在对象自身上设置,而不是一个原型。然而,如果一个不可写的属性被继承,它仍然可以防止修改对象的属性。

function myclass() {
}

myclass.prototype.x = 1;
Object.defineProperty(myclass.prototype, "y", {
  writable: false,
  value: 1
});

var a = new myclass();
a.x = 2;
console.log(a.x); // 2
console.log(myclass.prototype.x); // 1
a.y = 2; // Ignored, throws in strict mode
console.log(a.y); // 1
console.log(myclass.prototype.y); // 1